CXC chemokines: angiogenesis, immunoangiostasis, and metastases in lung cancer.

CXC chemokines have been found to be important in the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor-related immunity, and in promoting organ-specific metastases. This review highlights the importance of CXC chemokine ligands and receptors in mediating non-small cell lung cancer tumor-associated angiogenesis, "immunoangiostasis," and organ-specific metastases. These findings may ultimately lead to clinical strategies to target CXC chemokines in non-small cell lung cancer.